Annual Pediatric Emergency Medicine Conference

Biography

Biography: Ji-hong Zhou

Abstract

Objective: To find effective ways for road traffic death (RTD) prevention and control by analyzing characteristics and causes of RTD in middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students of China in 2013. Materials & Methods: RTD data and population data of children from 12 years old to under 18 years old in 2013 were collected from: (1) Annual statistics report on road traffic accident of China in 2013, by Transportation Bureau, Ministry of Public Security. (2) Annual demographic data by China State Statistics Bureau. Children were divided into 2 groups: (1) middle school (MS) group were 12-14 years old children, (2) high school (HS) group were 15-17 years old children. The epidemiologic characteristics of accident reasons, transport modes, death causes of injuries and time-distribution features were analyzed. The mortality per million populations (MPMP) was calculated based on each population respectively. Results: Road traffic accidents (RTA) caused 1679 deaths in 12-17 years old children which accorded for 42% of total children RTD (1679 persons/3994 persons) and its MPMP was 18.21 in China in 2013. Deaths were 479 persons, MPMP was 11.40 and ratio of male and female (RMF) was 1.66 in MS group. Deaths were 1200 persons, MPMP was 23.92 and RMF was 2.74 in HS group. The main RTA reason was caused by motor vehicle violation (MVV) (92.3%, 1550 cases/1679 cases). Main reasons in MVV were driving without license (26.8%), not giving way by law (6.6%) and speeding (5.9%). The MPMP caused by MVV were 10.54 in MS group and 22.07 in HS group. Main traffic modes were motor vehicle passenger (MPMP 4.55), walking (MPMP 2.26), driving motor vehicle (MPMP 1.93) and driving non-motor vehicle (MPMP 1.86), and were 39.87%, 19.83%, 16.91% and 16.28% of total deaths respectively. In these deaths, 55.4% passengers were by motorcycle, 97.4% motor vehicle drivers were motorcycle drivers, and 94.6% non-motor vehicle drivers were bicycle riders. In HS group, main traffic modes were driving motor vehicle (MPMP 9.39) and motor vehicle passenger (MPMP 8.19), 96.2% drivers were motorcycle drivers with RMF 10.78, 57.4% passengers were by motorcycle with RMF 1.43. Brain injury was the main death cause with MPMP 8.69 (accounted for 76.2% of total) in MS group and MPMP 19.24 (accounted for 80.4% of total) in HS group. Brain injury was much more in male than that in female. RMF was 1.53 (MPMP 10.34:6.74) in MS group and RMF was 2.55 (MPMP 27.01:10.60) in HS group. In MS group, RTD were high in August, October and September with 11.69%, 10.65% and 9.19% of total deaths respectively, but lowest in January with 5.64% of total. It was the highest in August in male with 13.71% of total and the highest in October in female with 12.22% of total. RTD were more on Sunday, Friday and Saturday with 17.95%, 17.95% and 17.54% of total respectively. RTD was the most on Sunday in boy with 23.92% of total and was the most on Friday in girl with 21.11% of total. In HS group, RTD were the most in July and August which all were 10.42% of total, and the lowest in January with 6.92% of total. RTD were 10.58% and 10.35% of total in August and July in boy respectively and RTD were 10.59%, 9.97% and 9.97% of total in July, August and January in girl respectively. RTD were the highest on Sunday (16.83%) and Friday (16.17%) and the lowest on Thursday (10.23%). Conclusion: The RTD rate of middle school and high school children were very high. It is prominent in high school children that its MPMP reached to 23.92. Motor vehicle violation was the first reason for these RTD, but reasons of traffic modes couldn't be ignored that the most were caused by motorcycle and bicycle. Motorcycle driver was the most part of RTD and followed by passenger of motorcycle in high school students, and male was far more than female. RTD rate was the highest in summer vacation for boys, and the death peak was located in the summer vacation and the followed two months in girls. About 80% of deaths were due to brain injury. It is very important that to enhance education and management of the traffic safety and law in middle and high school students, to ban motor vehicle drive for under 18 students and to improve the ability of first aid and medical care for child brain injury.